![](\"https:\/\/iupa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/NewIupa_pic0002.jpg\" "\\"NewIupa_pic0002\\"")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>The I.U.P.A. Research Department<\/strong><\/h2><\/h2><\/div>Research Available Upon Request ***<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>Information requests provide information on issues and topics that are pertinent to your local\u2019s needs and are limited only by the imagination and need of the local president.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Research Information Available Upon Request<\/h2><\/div>We have gathered information on a wide variety of criminal justice and labor movement topics. Read about them below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Police Vehicles<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> Take-Home Vehicle Insurance Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cStar and Shield offers take-home vehicle coverage as well as other insurance products specialized for those in law enforcement. There are also national insurance company options for those who reside and\/or work in states that Star and Shield has not yet expanded into \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Police Take-Home Vehicle Study<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\n- \u201cTake home vehicles increase level of enforcement. Officers driving take-home cars off duty that observe serious violations and criminal activity are obligated to take enforcement action.<\/li>\n
- Increases the back-up potential for officers on duty. In critical situations, while the nearest on-duty unit may be in another zone, an off-duty officer may be just around the corner from an emergency call for service, or another officer needing assistance.<\/li>\n
- As previously noted, officers take ownership and treat vehicles as their own keeping it clean.<\/li>\n
- Surveys note officer morale is considerably higher with assigned vehicles \u2026 \u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Law Enforcement Vehicles Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThere are several avenues available to solve this issue. I.U.P.A.\u2019s recommendations include installation of carbon monoxide detectors, ongoing routine testing of vehicles, rotating out old batteries and vehicles, using certified personnel for installation of equipment into vehicles, cooperating with Ford Motor Company to fix affected vehicles, and working with police vehicle manufacturers to improve the design of vehicles for law enforcement use. The cost of doing nothing far outweighs the expense that would be incurred by making use of the solutions available for this ongoing safety concern \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Shift Schedules and Fatigue<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Pitman Schedule<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe Lincoln, NE Police Department, an agency with over 300 sworn officers protecting a city of 230,000 people, implemented the Pitman Schedule on a trial and volunteer basis. A survey was given to volunteers after 6 months of working with the Pitman Schedule. The results regarding fatigue are as follows \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Burnout and Job Performance in Child Protective Investigations Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cNational Council on Crime and Delinquency prepared \u2018Job Turnover in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: The Voices of Former Frontline Workers\u2019 for The Human Services Workforce Initiative (2006) for which they interviewed 300 frontline juvenile justice and child welfare workers over the phone in order to uncover more information about what is causing the high turnover rates in the fields and how to correct that. This report will focus on their findings with the child welfare workers \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Effect of Fatigue on Law Enforcement Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cMehta and Parasuraman (2013) studied how mental and physical processes affect the development of fatigue. Through their research, they tapped into the challenges of attempting to complete physical and mental tasks simultaneously. When that occurs for highly cognitive tasks, the resources in the human brain are divided. This accelerates the rate of fatigue. This is of particular note to law enforcement and other first responders since they continuously complete mental and physical tasks for which they need to be fully alert in order to be effective \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Social Media\/Networking<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Research on Social Networking in the Law Enforcement Community<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cLaw enforcement officials must make decisions in tactical situations and risk their lives on a daily basis. The Internet is similar to the real world in the sense that one poor decision could impact your livelihood. Social networking has become a way for people to share their lives and connect with other people through profiles, blogs, and message boards. Making friends, sharing photos and posting comments are also part of the social networking process. While supervisors and management cannot technically regulate an officer\u2019s off duty usage of social networking sites, they can hold the officers accountable for the information and content they become associated with on these sites \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Social Media and the Law Enforcement Officer<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cSocial networking tools such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be of great value to law enforcement agencies. While many police departments are utilizing social networking to create better bonds with the public and assist them in investigating crimes, they can also lead to trouble \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Technology\/Equipment and Funding<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> In-Car Cameras Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAn in-car recording device is often a double-edged sword. It will provide accountability and management tools as well as additional evidence in what is often a \u201cone-on-one\u201d situation. The vignette of an incident these devices provide, however, must be viewed through the prism of police experience and training, and not simply fodder for prime time news. They do not see what the officer sees; therefore, his interpretation and observations of the event must be carefully weighed during any subsequent investigation, which includes recorded evidence \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Body Worn Camera Policies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cBody Worn Camera Policies:<\/p>\n
\n- Most policies lack a glossary or definition of terms. Those which do could benefit from expansion.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary with regard to specificity about storage, where to store, and who is responsible for storage, redaction, and costs.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary considerably as to whether or not BWC videos are public records and who can request them if they allow that as well as how to comply with HIPPAA requirements.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently address nor do they handle unintentional recordings in similar manners.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently assign an identifiable responsible party for review of BWC footage \u2026 \u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full summary of the research, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Protective Vests for Female Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAbove all, the I.U.P.A. recommends strongly and urgently that officers wear their protective vests. It is a startling reality that (National Institute of Justice 2018), \u2018A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene found that officers who do not routinely wear body armor are 3.4 times more likely to suffer a fatal injury from a torso shot than officers who routinely wear body armor.\u2019 That is an unacceptable and completely avoidable risk \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Duty Belt Issues and Alternatives Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cHolmes et al. conducted a study in 2012, \u2018The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort\u2019 in which they simulated driving for 10 male and 10 female subjects in standard police seats and in lumbar support seats while wearing full and reduced duty belts. They found that seat design had the most significant impact and that males benefited most from reduced duty belts \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Military Surplus Gear: Law Enforcement Funding Relief and Utility<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe I.U.P.A.\u2019s conclusions\/recommendations include utilization of the Department of Defense\u2019s 1033 program to attain equipment necessary to keep both law enforcement and the pubic safe while saving law enforcement departments crucial funding. Additionally, the I.U.P.A. recommends engaging with and educating the community about the equipment that law enforcement uses to remove the stigma and help the public to understand its need and purpose. A key recommendation is to craft specific and comprehensive policies about when and how equipment will be used, both to ease the concerns of the public and to ensure that equipment is utilized in the manner intended \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Alternative Sources of Funding for Law Enforcement (Available in English and Spanish)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cPolice Executive Research Forum (2002) suggests that raising community awareness of law enforcement current events in a positive manner will not only improve police and community relations, but it will raise the possibility of new funding sources bubbling to the surface. They suggest doing this by taking the media bull by the horns, essentially. Rather than waiting for the media to choose their own stories, which often focus on isolated negative circumstances, they suggest sharing the information the department wants to be shared \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full report; in Spanish, English, or both; contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>StarChase GPS Technology Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cCOO Mandy McCall shared that it is not possible to provide overall success rates as a whole with any measure of reliability as not all of the departments which use the technology have shared all of their information with them. She was able to offer some numbers, however. Overall, given numbers on hand, there is an average 70% to 75% success rate which raises to over 80% once the car has been tagged. That percentage raises to up over 90% in Florida agencies. Saint Petersburg Police Department, for example, experienced an 85% success rate. In central Florida, the accuracy percentage raised even further for unmarked cars, but COO McCall did not see that trend in other places. Milwaukee reported a 50% success rate for the device to stick to vehicles, but is confident that value will raise to 75% with training \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Research Available Upon Request ***<\/p>\n
Information requests provide information on issues and topics that are pertinent to your local\u2019s needs and are limited only by the imagination and need of the local president.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Research Information Available Upon Request<\/h2><\/div>We have gathered information on a wide variety of criminal justice and labor movement topics. Read about them below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Police Vehicles<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> Take-Home Vehicle Insurance Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cStar and Shield offers take-home vehicle coverage as well as other insurance products specialized for those in law enforcement. There are also national insurance company options for those who reside and\/or work in states that Star and Shield has not yet expanded into \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Police Take-Home Vehicle Study<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\n- \u201cTake home vehicles increase level of enforcement. Officers driving take-home cars off duty that observe serious violations and criminal activity are obligated to take enforcement action.<\/li>\n
- Increases the back-up potential for officers on duty. In critical situations, while the nearest on-duty unit may be in another zone, an off-duty officer may be just around the corner from an emergency call for service, or another officer needing assistance.<\/li>\n
- As previously noted, officers take ownership and treat vehicles as their own keeping it clean.<\/li>\n
- Surveys note officer morale is considerably higher with assigned vehicles \u2026 \u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Law Enforcement Vehicles Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThere are several avenues available to solve this issue. I.U.P.A.\u2019s recommendations include installation of carbon monoxide detectors, ongoing routine testing of vehicles, rotating out old batteries and vehicles, using certified personnel for installation of equipment into vehicles, cooperating with Ford Motor Company to fix affected vehicles, and working with police vehicle manufacturers to improve the design of vehicles for law enforcement use. The cost of doing nothing far outweighs the expense that would be incurred by making use of the solutions available for this ongoing safety concern \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Shift Schedules and Fatigue<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Pitman Schedule<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe Lincoln, NE Police Department, an agency with over 300 sworn officers protecting a city of 230,000 people, implemented the Pitman Schedule on a trial and volunteer basis. A survey was given to volunteers after 6 months of working with the Pitman Schedule. The results regarding fatigue are as follows \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Burnout and Job Performance in Child Protective Investigations Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cNational Council on Crime and Delinquency prepared \u2018Job Turnover in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: The Voices of Former Frontline Workers\u2019 for The Human Services Workforce Initiative (2006) for which they interviewed 300 frontline juvenile justice and child welfare workers over the phone in order to uncover more information about what is causing the high turnover rates in the fields and how to correct that. This report will focus on their findings with the child welfare workers \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Effect of Fatigue on Law Enforcement Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cMehta and Parasuraman (2013) studied how mental and physical processes affect the development of fatigue. Through their research, they tapped into the challenges of attempting to complete physical and mental tasks simultaneously. When that occurs for highly cognitive tasks, the resources in the human brain are divided. This accelerates the rate of fatigue. This is of particular note to law enforcement and other first responders since they continuously complete mental and physical tasks for which they need to be fully alert in order to be effective \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Social Media\/Networking<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Research on Social Networking in the Law Enforcement Community<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cLaw enforcement officials must make decisions in tactical situations and risk their lives on a daily basis. The Internet is similar to the real world in the sense that one poor decision could impact your livelihood. Social networking has become a way for people to share their lives and connect with other people through profiles, blogs, and message boards. Making friends, sharing photos and posting comments are also part of the social networking process. While supervisors and management cannot technically regulate an officer\u2019s off duty usage of social networking sites, they can hold the officers accountable for the information and content they become associated with on these sites \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Social Media and the Law Enforcement Officer<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cSocial networking tools such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be of great value to law enforcement agencies. While many police departments are utilizing social networking to create better bonds with the public and assist them in investigating crimes, they can also lead to trouble \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Technology\/Equipment and Funding<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> In-Car Cameras Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAn in-car recording device is often a double-edged sword. It will provide accountability and management tools as well as additional evidence in what is often a \u201cone-on-one\u201d situation. The vignette of an incident these devices provide, however, must be viewed through the prism of police experience and training, and not simply fodder for prime time news. They do not see what the officer sees; therefore, his interpretation and observations of the event must be carefully weighed during any subsequent investigation, which includes recorded evidence \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Body Worn Camera Policies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cBody Worn Camera Policies:<\/p>\n
\n- Most policies lack a glossary or definition of terms. Those which do could benefit from expansion.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary with regard to specificity about storage, where to store, and who is responsible for storage, redaction, and costs.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary considerably as to whether or not BWC videos are public records and who can request them if they allow that as well as how to comply with HIPPAA requirements.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently address nor do they handle unintentional recordings in similar manners.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently assign an identifiable responsible party for review of BWC footage \u2026 \u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full summary of the research, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Protective Vests for Female Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAbove all, the I.U.P.A. recommends strongly and urgently that officers wear their protective vests. It is a startling reality that (National Institute of Justice 2018), \u2018A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene found that officers who do not routinely wear body armor are 3.4 times more likely to suffer a fatal injury from a torso shot than officers who routinely wear body armor.\u2019 That is an unacceptable and completely avoidable risk \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Duty Belt Issues and Alternatives Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cHolmes et al. conducted a study in 2012, \u2018The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort\u2019 in which they simulated driving for 10 male and 10 female subjects in standard police seats and in lumbar support seats while wearing full and reduced duty belts. They found that seat design had the most significant impact and that males benefited most from reduced duty belts \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Military Surplus Gear: Law Enforcement Funding Relief and Utility<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe I.U.P.A.\u2019s conclusions\/recommendations include utilization of the Department of Defense\u2019s 1033 program to attain equipment necessary to keep both law enforcement and the pubic safe while saving law enforcement departments crucial funding. Additionally, the I.U.P.A. recommends engaging with and educating the community about the equipment that law enforcement uses to remove the stigma and help the public to understand its need and purpose. A key recommendation is to craft specific and comprehensive policies about when and how equipment will be used, both to ease the concerns of the public and to ensure that equipment is utilized in the manner intended \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Alternative Sources of Funding for Law Enforcement (Available in English and Spanish)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cPolice Executive Research Forum (2002) suggests that raising community awareness of law enforcement current events in a positive manner will not only improve police and community relations, but it will raise the possibility of new funding sources bubbling to the surface. They suggest doing this by taking the media bull by the horns, essentially. Rather than waiting for the media to choose their own stories, which often focus on isolated negative circumstances, they suggest sharing the information the department wants to be shared \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full report; in Spanish, English, or both; contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>StarChase GPS Technology Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cCOO Mandy McCall shared that it is not possible to provide overall success rates as a whole with any measure of reliability as not all of the departments which use the technology have shared all of their information with them. She was able to offer some numbers, however. Overall, given numbers on hand, there is an average 70% to 75% success rate which raises to over 80% once the car has been tagged. That percentage raises to up over 90% in Florida agencies. Saint Petersburg Police Department, for example, experienced an 85% success rate. In central Florida, the accuracy percentage raised even further for unmarked cars, but COO McCall did not see that trend in other places. Milwaukee reported a 50% success rate for the device to stick to vehicles, but is confident that value will raise to 75% with training \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
We have gathered information on a wide variety of criminal justice and labor movement topics. Read about them below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Police Vehicles<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> Take-Home Vehicle Insurance Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cStar and Shield offers take-home vehicle coverage as well as other insurance products specialized for those in law enforcement. There are also national insurance company options for those who reside and\/or work in states that Star and Shield has not yet expanded into \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Police Take-Home Vehicle Study<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\n- \u201cTake home vehicles increase level of enforcement. Officers driving take-home cars off duty that observe serious violations and criminal activity are obligated to take enforcement action.<\/li>\n
- Increases the back-up potential for officers on duty. In critical situations, while the nearest on-duty unit may be in another zone, an off-duty officer may be just around the corner from an emergency call for service, or another officer needing assistance.<\/li>\n
- As previously noted, officers take ownership and treat vehicles as their own keeping it clean.<\/li>\n
- Surveys note officer morale is considerably higher with assigned vehicles \u2026 \u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Law Enforcement Vehicles Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThere are several avenues available to solve this issue. I.U.P.A.\u2019s recommendations include installation of carbon monoxide detectors, ongoing routine testing of vehicles, rotating out old batteries and vehicles, using certified personnel for installation of equipment into vehicles, cooperating with Ford Motor Company to fix affected vehicles, and working with police vehicle manufacturers to improve the design of vehicles for law enforcement use. The cost of doing nothing far outweighs the expense that would be incurred by making use of the solutions available for this ongoing safety concern \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Shift Schedules and Fatigue<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Pitman Schedule<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe Lincoln, NE Police Department, an agency with over 300 sworn officers protecting a city of 230,000 people, implemented the Pitman Schedule on a trial and volunteer basis. A survey was given to volunteers after 6 months of working with the Pitman Schedule. The results regarding fatigue are as follows \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Burnout and Job Performance in Child Protective Investigations Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cNational Council on Crime and Delinquency prepared \u2018Job Turnover in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: The Voices of Former Frontline Workers\u2019 for The Human Services Workforce Initiative (2006) for which they interviewed 300 frontline juvenile justice and child welfare workers over the phone in order to uncover more information about what is causing the high turnover rates in the fields and how to correct that. This report will focus on their findings with the child welfare workers \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Effect of Fatigue on Law Enforcement Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cMehta and Parasuraman (2013) studied how mental and physical processes affect the development of fatigue. Through their research, they tapped into the challenges of attempting to complete physical and mental tasks simultaneously. When that occurs for highly cognitive tasks, the resources in the human brain are divided. This accelerates the rate of fatigue. This is of particular note to law enforcement and other first responders since they continuously complete mental and physical tasks for which they need to be fully alert in order to be effective \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Social Media\/Networking<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Research on Social Networking in the Law Enforcement Community<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cLaw enforcement officials must make decisions in tactical situations and risk their lives on a daily basis. The Internet is similar to the real world in the sense that one poor decision could impact your livelihood. Social networking has become a way for people to share their lives and connect with other people through profiles, blogs, and message boards. Making friends, sharing photos and posting comments are also part of the social networking process. While supervisors and management cannot technically regulate an officer\u2019s off duty usage of social networking sites, they can hold the officers accountable for the information and content they become associated with on these sites \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Social Media and the Law Enforcement Officer<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cSocial networking tools such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be of great value to law enforcement agencies. While many police departments are utilizing social networking to create better bonds with the public and assist them in investigating crimes, they can also lead to trouble \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Technology\/Equipment and Funding<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> In-Car Cameras Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAn in-car recording device is often a double-edged sword. It will provide accountability and management tools as well as additional evidence in what is often a \u201cone-on-one\u201d situation. The vignette of an incident these devices provide, however, must be viewed through the prism of police experience and training, and not simply fodder for prime time news. They do not see what the officer sees; therefore, his interpretation and observations of the event must be carefully weighed during any subsequent investigation, which includes recorded evidence \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Body Worn Camera Policies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cBody Worn Camera Policies:<\/p>\n
\n- Most policies lack a glossary or definition of terms. Those which do could benefit from expansion.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary with regard to specificity about storage, where to store, and who is responsible for storage, redaction, and costs.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary considerably as to whether or not BWC videos are public records and who can request them if they allow that as well as how to comply with HIPPAA requirements.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently address nor do they handle unintentional recordings in similar manners.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently assign an identifiable responsible party for review of BWC footage \u2026 \u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full summary of the research, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Protective Vests for Female Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAbove all, the I.U.P.A. recommends strongly and urgently that officers wear their protective vests. It is a startling reality that (National Institute of Justice 2018), \u2018A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene found that officers who do not routinely wear body armor are 3.4 times more likely to suffer a fatal injury from a torso shot than officers who routinely wear body armor.\u2019 That is an unacceptable and completely avoidable risk \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Duty Belt Issues and Alternatives Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cHolmes et al. conducted a study in 2012, \u2018The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort\u2019 in which they simulated driving for 10 male and 10 female subjects in standard police seats and in lumbar support seats while wearing full and reduced duty belts. They found that seat design had the most significant impact and that males benefited most from reduced duty belts \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Military Surplus Gear: Law Enforcement Funding Relief and Utility<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe I.U.P.A.\u2019s conclusions\/recommendations include utilization of the Department of Defense\u2019s 1033 program to attain equipment necessary to keep both law enforcement and the pubic safe while saving law enforcement departments crucial funding. Additionally, the I.U.P.A. recommends engaging with and educating the community about the equipment that law enforcement uses to remove the stigma and help the public to understand its need and purpose. A key recommendation is to craft specific and comprehensive policies about when and how equipment will be used, both to ease the concerns of the public and to ensure that equipment is utilized in the manner intended \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Alternative Sources of Funding for Law Enforcement (Available in English and Spanish)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cPolice Executive Research Forum (2002) suggests that raising community awareness of law enforcement current events in a positive manner will not only improve police and community relations, but it will raise the possibility of new funding sources bubbling to the surface. They suggest doing this by taking the media bull by the horns, essentially. Rather than waiting for the media to choose their own stories, which often focus on isolated negative circumstances, they suggest sharing the information the department wants to be shared \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full report; in Spanish, English, or both; contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>StarChase GPS Technology Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cCOO Mandy McCall shared that it is not possible to provide overall success rates as a whole with any measure of reliability as not all of the departments which use the technology have shared all of their information with them. She was able to offer some numbers, however. Overall, given numbers on hand, there is an average 70% to 75% success rate which raises to over 80% once the car has been tagged. That percentage raises to up over 90% in Florida agencies. Saint Petersburg Police Department, for example, experienced an 85% success rate. In central Florida, the accuracy percentage raised even further for unmarked cars, but COO McCall did not see that trend in other places. Milwaukee reported a 50% success rate for the device to stick to vehicles, but is confident that value will raise to 75% with training \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Take-Home Vehicle Insurance Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cStar and Shield offers take-home vehicle coverage as well as other insurance products specialized for those in law enforcement. There are also national insurance company options for those who reside and\/or work in states that Star and Shield has not yet expanded into \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Police Take-Home Vehicle Study<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\n- \u201cTake home vehicles increase level of enforcement. Officers driving take-home cars off duty that observe serious violations and criminal activity are obligated to take enforcement action.<\/li>\n
- Increases the back-up potential for officers on duty. In critical situations, while the nearest on-duty unit may be in another zone, an off-duty officer may be just around the corner from an emergency call for service, or another officer needing assistance.<\/li>\n
- As previously noted, officers take ownership and treat vehicles as their own keeping it clean.<\/li>\n
- Surveys note officer morale is considerably higher with assigned vehicles \u2026 \u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Law Enforcement Vehicles Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThere are several avenues available to solve this issue. I.U.P.A.\u2019s recommendations include installation of carbon monoxide detectors, ongoing routine testing of vehicles, rotating out old batteries and vehicles, using certified personnel for installation of equipment into vehicles, cooperating with Ford Motor Company to fix affected vehicles, and working with police vehicle manufacturers to improve the design of vehicles for law enforcement use. The cost of doing nothing far outweighs the expense that would be incurred by making use of the solutions available for this ongoing safety concern \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Shift Schedules and Fatigue<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Pitman Schedule<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe Lincoln, NE Police Department, an agency with over 300 sworn officers protecting a city of 230,000 people, implemented the Pitman Schedule on a trial and volunteer basis. A survey was given to volunteers after 6 months of working with the Pitman Schedule. The results regarding fatigue are as follows \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Burnout and Job Performance in Child Protective Investigations Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cNational Council on Crime and Delinquency prepared \u2018Job Turnover in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: The Voices of Former Frontline Workers\u2019 for The Human Services Workforce Initiative (2006) for which they interviewed 300 frontline juvenile justice and child welfare workers over the phone in order to uncover more information about what is causing the high turnover rates in the fields and how to correct that. This report will focus on their findings with the child welfare workers \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Effect of Fatigue on Law Enforcement Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cMehta and Parasuraman (2013) studied how mental and physical processes affect the development of fatigue. Through their research, they tapped into the challenges of attempting to complete physical and mental tasks simultaneously. When that occurs for highly cognitive tasks, the resources in the human brain are divided. This accelerates the rate of fatigue. This is of particular note to law enforcement and other first responders since they continuously complete mental and physical tasks for which they need to be fully alert in order to be effective \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Social Media\/Networking<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Research on Social Networking in the Law Enforcement Community<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cLaw enforcement officials must make decisions in tactical situations and risk their lives on a daily basis. The Internet is similar to the real world in the sense that one poor decision could impact your livelihood. Social networking has become a way for people to share their lives and connect with other people through profiles, blogs, and message boards. Making friends, sharing photos and posting comments are also part of the social networking process. While supervisors and management cannot technically regulate an officer\u2019s off duty usage of social networking sites, they can hold the officers accountable for the information and content they become associated with on these sites \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Social Media and the Law Enforcement Officer<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cSocial networking tools such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be of great value to law enforcement agencies. While many police departments are utilizing social networking to create better bonds with the public and assist them in investigating crimes, they can also lead to trouble \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Technology\/Equipment and Funding<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> In-Car Cameras Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAn in-car recording device is often a double-edged sword. It will provide accountability and management tools as well as additional evidence in what is often a \u201cone-on-one\u201d situation. The vignette of an incident these devices provide, however, must be viewed through the prism of police experience and training, and not simply fodder for prime time news. They do not see what the officer sees; therefore, his interpretation and observations of the event must be carefully weighed during any subsequent investigation, which includes recorded evidence \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Body Worn Camera Policies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cBody Worn Camera Policies:<\/p>\n
\n- Most policies lack a glossary or definition of terms. Those which do could benefit from expansion.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary with regard to specificity about storage, where to store, and who is responsible for storage, redaction, and costs.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary considerably as to whether or not BWC videos are public records and who can request them if they allow that as well as how to comply with HIPPAA requirements.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently address nor do they handle unintentional recordings in similar manners.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently assign an identifiable responsible party for review of BWC footage \u2026 \u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full summary of the research, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Protective Vests for Female Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAbove all, the I.U.P.A. recommends strongly and urgently that officers wear their protective vests. It is a startling reality that (National Institute of Justice 2018), \u2018A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene found that officers who do not routinely wear body armor are 3.4 times more likely to suffer a fatal injury from a torso shot than officers who routinely wear body armor.\u2019 That is an unacceptable and completely avoidable risk \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Duty Belt Issues and Alternatives Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cHolmes et al. conducted a study in 2012, \u2018The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort\u2019 in which they simulated driving for 10 male and 10 female subjects in standard police seats and in lumbar support seats while wearing full and reduced duty belts. They found that seat design had the most significant impact and that males benefited most from reduced duty belts \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Military Surplus Gear: Law Enforcement Funding Relief and Utility<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe I.U.P.A.\u2019s conclusions\/recommendations include utilization of the Department of Defense\u2019s 1033 program to attain equipment necessary to keep both law enforcement and the pubic safe while saving law enforcement departments crucial funding. Additionally, the I.U.P.A. recommends engaging with and educating the community about the equipment that law enforcement uses to remove the stigma and help the public to understand its need and purpose. A key recommendation is to craft specific and comprehensive policies about when and how equipment will be used, both to ease the concerns of the public and to ensure that equipment is utilized in the manner intended \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Alternative Sources of Funding for Law Enforcement (Available in English and Spanish)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cPolice Executive Research Forum (2002) suggests that raising community awareness of law enforcement current events in a positive manner will not only improve police and community relations, but it will raise the possibility of new funding sources bubbling to the surface. They suggest doing this by taking the media bull by the horns, essentially. Rather than waiting for the media to choose their own stories, which often focus on isolated negative circumstances, they suggest sharing the information the department wants to be shared \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full report; in Spanish, English, or both; contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>StarChase GPS Technology Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cCOO Mandy McCall shared that it is not possible to provide overall success rates as a whole with any measure of reliability as not all of the departments which use the technology have shared all of their information with them. She was able to offer some numbers, however. Overall, given numbers on hand, there is an average 70% to 75% success rate which raises to over 80% once the car has been tagged. That percentage raises to up over 90% in Florida agencies. Saint Petersburg Police Department, for example, experienced an 85% success rate. In central Florida, the accuracy percentage raised even further for unmarked cars, but COO McCall did not see that trend in other places. Milwaukee reported a 50% success rate for the device to stick to vehicles, but is confident that value will raise to 75% with training \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u201cStar and Shield offers take-home vehicle coverage as well as other insurance products specialized for those in law enforcement. There are also national insurance company options for those who reside and\/or work in states that Star and Shield has not yet expanded into \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Police Take-Home Vehicle Study<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\n- \u201cTake home vehicles increase level of enforcement. Officers driving take-home cars off duty that observe serious violations and criminal activity are obligated to take enforcement action.<\/li>\n
- Increases the back-up potential for officers on duty. In critical situations, while the nearest on-duty unit may be in another zone, an off-duty officer may be just around the corner from an emergency call for service, or another officer needing assistance.<\/li>\n
- As previously noted, officers take ownership and treat vehicles as their own keeping it clean.<\/li>\n
- Surveys note officer morale is considerably higher with assigned vehicles \u2026 \u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Law Enforcement Vehicles Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThere are several avenues available to solve this issue. I.U.P.A.\u2019s recommendations include installation of carbon monoxide detectors, ongoing routine testing of vehicles, rotating out old batteries and vehicles, using certified personnel for installation of equipment into vehicles, cooperating with Ford Motor Company to fix affected vehicles, and working with police vehicle manufacturers to improve the design of vehicles for law enforcement use. The cost of doing nothing far outweighs the expense that would be incurred by making use of the solutions available for this ongoing safety concern \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Shift Schedules and Fatigue<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Pitman Schedule<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe Lincoln, NE Police Department, an agency with over 300 sworn officers protecting a city of 230,000 people, implemented the Pitman Schedule on a trial and volunteer basis. A survey was given to volunteers after 6 months of working with the Pitman Schedule. The results regarding fatigue are as follows \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Burnout and Job Performance in Child Protective Investigations Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cNational Council on Crime and Delinquency prepared \u2018Job Turnover in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: The Voices of Former Frontline Workers\u2019 for The Human Services Workforce Initiative (2006) for which they interviewed 300 frontline juvenile justice and child welfare workers over the phone in order to uncover more information about what is causing the high turnover rates in the fields and how to correct that. This report will focus on their findings with the child welfare workers \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Effect of Fatigue on Law Enforcement Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cMehta and Parasuraman (2013) studied how mental and physical processes affect the development of fatigue. Through their research, they tapped into the challenges of attempting to complete physical and mental tasks simultaneously. When that occurs for highly cognitive tasks, the resources in the human brain are divided. This accelerates the rate of fatigue. This is of particular note to law enforcement and other first responders since they continuously complete mental and physical tasks for which they need to be fully alert in order to be effective \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Social Media\/Networking<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Research on Social Networking in the Law Enforcement Community<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cLaw enforcement officials must make decisions in tactical situations and risk their lives on a daily basis. The Internet is similar to the real world in the sense that one poor decision could impact your livelihood. Social networking has become a way for people to share their lives and connect with other people through profiles, blogs, and message boards. Making friends, sharing photos and posting comments are also part of the social networking process. While supervisors and management cannot technically regulate an officer\u2019s off duty usage of social networking sites, they can hold the officers accountable for the information and content they become associated with on these sites \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Social Media and the Law Enforcement Officer<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cSocial networking tools such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be of great value to law enforcement agencies. While many police departments are utilizing social networking to create better bonds with the public and assist them in investigating crimes, they can also lead to trouble \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Technology\/Equipment and Funding<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> In-Car Cameras Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAn in-car recording device is often a double-edged sword. It will provide accountability and management tools as well as additional evidence in what is often a \u201cone-on-one\u201d situation. The vignette of an incident these devices provide, however, must be viewed through the prism of police experience and training, and not simply fodder for prime time news. They do not see what the officer sees; therefore, his interpretation and observations of the event must be carefully weighed during any subsequent investigation, which includes recorded evidence \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Body Worn Camera Policies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cBody Worn Camera Policies:<\/p>\n
\n- Most policies lack a glossary or definition of terms. Those which do could benefit from expansion.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary with regard to specificity about storage, where to store, and who is responsible for storage, redaction, and costs.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary considerably as to whether or not BWC videos are public records and who can request them if they allow that as well as how to comply with HIPPAA requirements.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently address nor do they handle unintentional recordings in similar manners.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently assign an identifiable responsible party for review of BWC footage \u2026 \u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full summary of the research, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Protective Vests for Female Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cAbove all, the I.U.P.A. recommends strongly and urgently that officers wear their protective vests. It is a startling reality that (National Institute of Justice 2018), \u2018A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene found that officers who do not routinely wear body armor are 3.4 times more likely to suffer a fatal injury from a torso shot than officers who routinely wear body armor.\u2019 That is an unacceptable and completely avoidable risk \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Duty Belt Issues and Alternatives Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cHolmes et al. conducted a study in 2012, \u2018The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort\u2019 in which they simulated driving for 10 male and 10 female subjects in standard police seats and in lumbar support seats while wearing full and reduced duty belts. They found that seat design had the most significant impact and that males benefited most from reduced duty belts \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Military Surplus Gear: Law Enforcement Funding Relief and Utility<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cThe I.U.P.A.\u2019s conclusions\/recommendations include utilization of the Department of Defense\u2019s 1033 program to attain equipment necessary to keep both law enforcement and the pubic safe while saving law enforcement departments crucial funding. Additionally, the I.U.P.A. recommends engaging with and educating the community about the equipment that law enforcement uses to remove the stigma and help the public to understand its need and purpose. A key recommendation is to craft specific and comprehensive policies about when and how equipment will be used, both to ease the concerns of the public and to ensure that equipment is utilized in the manner intended \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Alternative Sources of Funding for Law Enforcement (Available in English and Spanish)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cPolice Executive Research Forum (2002) suggests that raising community awareness of law enforcement current events in a positive manner will not only improve police and community relations, but it will raise the possibility of new funding sources bubbling to the surface. They suggest doing this by taking the media bull by the horns, essentially. Rather than waiting for the media to choose their own stories, which often focus on isolated negative circumstances, they suggest sharing the information the department wants to be shared \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full report; in Spanish, English, or both; contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>StarChase GPS Technology Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\u201cCOO Mandy McCall shared that it is not possible to provide overall success rates as a whole with any measure of reliability as not all of the departments which use the technology have shared all of their information with them. She was able to offer some numbers, however. Overall, given numbers on hand, there is an average 70% to 75% success rate which raises to over 80% once the car has been tagged. That percentage raises to up over 90% in Florida agencies. Saint Petersburg Police Department, for example, experienced an 85% success rate. In central Florida, the accuracy percentage raised even further for unmarked cars, but COO McCall did not see that trend in other places. Milwaukee reported a 50% success rate for the device to stick to vehicles, but is confident that value will raise to 75% with training \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
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- \n
- \u201cTake home vehicles increase level of enforcement. Officers driving take-home cars off duty that observe serious violations and criminal activity are obligated to take enforcement action.<\/li>\n
- Increases the back-up potential for officers on duty. In critical situations, while the nearest on-duty unit may be in another zone, an off-duty officer may be just around the corner from an emergency call for service, or another officer needing assistance.<\/li>\n
- As previously noted, officers take ownership and treat vehicles as their own keeping it clean.<\/li>\n
- Surveys note officer morale is considerably higher with assigned vehicles \u2026 \u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span> Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Law Enforcement Vehicles Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cThere are several avenues available to solve this issue. I.U.P.A.\u2019s recommendations include installation of carbon monoxide detectors, ongoing routine testing of vehicles, rotating out old batteries and vehicles, using certified personnel for installation of equipment into vehicles, cooperating with Ford Motor Company to fix affected vehicles, and working with police vehicle manufacturers to improve the design of vehicles for law enforcement use. The cost of doing nothing far outweighs the expense that would be incurred by making use of the solutions available for this ongoing safety concern \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Shift Schedules and Fatigue<\/h2><\/div>
<\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Pitman Schedule<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cThe Lincoln, NE Police Department, an agency with over 300 sworn officers protecting a city of 230,000 people, implemented the Pitman Schedule on a trial and volunteer basis. A survey was given to volunteers after 6 months of working with the Pitman Schedule. The results regarding fatigue are as follows \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
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<\/i><\/i><\/span>Burnout and Job Performance in Child Protective Investigations Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cNational Council on Crime and Delinquency prepared \u2018Job Turnover in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: The Voices of Former Frontline Workers\u2019 for The Human Services Workforce Initiative (2006) for which they interviewed 300 frontline juvenile justice and child welfare workers over the phone in order to uncover more information about what is causing the high turnover rates in the fields and how to correct that. This report will focus on their findings with the child welfare workers \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
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<\/i><\/i><\/span>Effect of Fatigue on Law Enforcement Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cMehta and Parasuraman (2013) studied how mental and physical processes affect the development of fatigue. Through their research, they tapped into the challenges of attempting to complete physical and mental tasks simultaneously. When that occurs for highly cognitive tasks, the resources in the human brain are divided. This accelerates the rate of fatigue. This is of particular note to law enforcement and other first responders since they continuously complete mental and physical tasks for which they need to be fully alert in order to be effective \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Social Media\/Networking<\/h2><\/div>
<\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>Research on Social Networking in the Law Enforcement Community<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cLaw enforcement officials must make decisions in tactical situations and risk their lives on a daily basis. The Internet is similar to the real world in the sense that one poor decision could impact your livelihood. Social networking has become a way for people to share their lives and connect with other people through profiles, blogs, and message boards. Making friends, sharing photos and posting comments are also part of the social networking process. While supervisors and management cannot technically regulate an officer\u2019s off duty usage of social networking sites, they can hold the officers accountable for the information and content they become associated with on these sites \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Social Media and the Law Enforcement Officer<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cSocial networking tools such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be of great value to law enforcement agencies. While many police departments are utilizing social networking to create better bonds with the public and assist them in investigating crimes, they can also lead to trouble \u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/span><\/div>Technology\/Equipment and Funding<\/h2><\/div>
<\/div>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span> In-Car Cameras Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cAn in-car recording device is often a double-edged sword. It will provide accountability and management tools as well as additional evidence in what is often a \u201cone-on-one\u201d situation. The vignette of an incident these devices provide, however, must be viewed through the prism of police experience and training, and not simply fodder for prime time news. They do not see what the officer sees; therefore, his interpretation and observations of the event must be carefully weighed during any subsequent investigation, which includes recorded evidence \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
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<\/i><\/i><\/span>Body Worn Camera Policies<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cBody Worn Camera Policies:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Most policies lack a glossary or definition of terms. Those which do could benefit from expansion.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary with regard to specificity about storage, where to store, and who is responsible for storage, redaction, and costs.<\/li>\n
- Policies vary considerably as to whether or not BWC videos are public records and who can request them if they allow that as well as how to comply with HIPPAA requirements.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently address nor do they handle unintentional recordings in similar manners.<\/li>\n
- Policies do not consistently assign an identifiable responsible party for review of BWC footage \u2026 \u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full summary of the research, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Protective Vests for Female Officers Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cAbove all, the I.U.P.A. recommends strongly and urgently that officers wear their protective vests. It is a startling reality that (National Institute of Justice 2018), \u2018A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene found that officers who do not routinely wear body armor are 3.4 times more likely to suffer a fatal injury from a torso shot than officers who routinely wear body armor.\u2019 That is an unacceptable and completely avoidable risk \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Duty Belt Issues and Alternatives Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cHolmes et al. conducted a study in 2012, \u2018The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort\u2019 in which they simulated driving for 10 male and 10 female subjects in standard police seats and in lumbar support seats while wearing full and reduced duty belts. They found that seat design had the most significant impact and that males benefited most from reduced duty belts \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Military Surplus Gear: Law Enforcement Funding Relief and Utility<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cThe I.U.P.A.\u2019s conclusions\/recommendations include utilization of the Department of Defense\u2019s 1033 program to attain equipment necessary to keep both law enforcement and the pubic safe while saving law enforcement departments crucial funding. Additionally, the I.U.P.A. recommends engaging with and educating the community about the equipment that law enforcement uses to remove the stigma and help the public to understand its need and purpose. A key recommendation is to craft specific and comprehensive policies about when and how equipment will be used, both to ease the concerns of the public and to ensure that equipment is utilized in the manner intended \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>Alternative Sources of Funding for Law Enforcement (Available in English and Spanish)<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cPolice Executive Research Forum (2002) suggests that raising community awareness of law enforcement current events in a positive manner will not only improve police and community relations, but it will raise the possibility of new funding sources bubbling to the surface. They suggest doing this by taking the media bull by the horns, essentially. Rather than waiting for the media to choose their own stories, which often focus on isolated negative circumstances, they suggest sharing the information the department wants to be shared \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full report; in Spanish, English, or both; contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>StarChase GPS Technology Report<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>
\n\u201cCOO Mandy McCall shared that it is not possible to provide overall success rates as a whole with any measure of reliability as not all of the departments which use the technology have shared all of their information with them. She was able to offer some numbers, however. Overall, given numbers on hand, there is an average 70% to 75% success rate which raises to over 80% once the car has been tagged. That percentage raises to up over 90% in Florida agencies. Saint Petersburg Police Department, for example, experienced an 85% success rate. In central Florida, the accuracy percentage raised even further for unmarked cars, but COO McCall did not see that trend in other places. Milwaukee reported a 50% success rate for the device to stick to vehicles, but is confident that value will raise to 75% with training \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n
For more information or for a copy of the full paper, contact the I.U.P.A. Research Department.<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/div><\/div>